词汇

One way is by organising backstage tours, so people can be shown round the building and learn how a theatre operates.
manner 多指行动的特殊方式或独特的方法
method 指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法
way 普通用词，可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式，也可指特殊的方式或方法
mode 书面用词，常指因个人爱好或传统习俗等因素而遵循的方法
fashion 着重独特的程序或方式，尤指个人的偏爱或习惯
means 指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径
approach 指从事某事的特别方法、途径
shortcut 英:/‘ʃɔːtkʌt/ 美:/‘ʃɔrt,kʌt/
procedure 英:/prəˈsiːdʒə(r)/ 美:/prəˈsiːdʒər/
pathway 英:/‘pɑːθweɪ/ 美:/‘pæθwe/
method 英:/ˈmeθəd/ 美:/ˈmeθəd/
means 英:/miːnz/ 美:/miːnz/
forthright 英:/ˈfɔːθraɪt/ 美:/ˈfɔːrθraɪt/
fashion 英:/ˈfæʃn/ 美:/ˈfæʃn/
direct 英:/dɪˈrekt/ 美:/dɪ’rekt/
avenue 英:/ˈævənjuː/ 美:/ˈævənuː/
approach 英:/əˈprəʊtʃ/ 美:/əˈproʊtʃ/
stagehand 英:/‘steɪdʒhænd/ 美:/‘stedʒhænd/
repertoire 英:/ˈrepətwɑː(r)/ 美:/ˈrepərtwɑːr/
mime 英:/maɪm/ 美:/maɪm/
interval 英:/ˈɪntəvl/ 美:/ˈɪntərvl/
impersonate 英:/ɪmˈpɜːsəneɪt/ 美:/ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/
heroine 英:/ˈherəʊɪn/ 美:/ˈheroʊɪn/
hero 英:/‘hɪərəʊ/ 美:/‘hɪro/
funnyman 英:/‘fʌnɪ,mæn/ 美:/ˈfʌniˌmæn/
curtain call
curtain 英:/ˈkɜːtn/ 美:/ˈkɜːrtn/
comedian 英:/kə’miːdɪən/ 美:/kə’midɪən/
act 英:/ækt/ 美:/ækt/
tragedy 英:/ˈtrædʒədi/ 美:/ˈtrædʒədi/
sitcom 英:/‘sɪtkɒm/ 美:/ˈsɪtˌkɑm/
sentimental 英:/sentɪ’ment(ə)l/ 美:/‘sɛntə’mɛntl/
satirical 英:/sə’tɪrɪk(ə)l/ 美:/sə’tɪrɪkl/
pantomime 英:/ˈpæntəmaɪm/ 美:/ˈpæntəmaɪm/
opera 英:/ˈɒprə/ 美:/ˈɑːprə/
farce 英:/fɑːs/ 美:/fɑːrs/
comedy 英:/ˈkɒmədi/ 美:/ˈkɑːmədi/
Thespian 英:/‘θespɪən/ 美:/‘θɛspɪən/
script 英:/skrɪpt/ 美:/skrɪpt/
puppet 英:/‘pʌpɪt/ 美:/‘pʌpɪt/
playwright 英:/ˈpleɪraɪt/ 美:/ˈpleɪraɪt/
offstage 英:/ˌɒfˈsteɪdʒ/ 美:/ˌɔːfˈsteɪdʒ/
monologue 英:/ˈmɒnəlɒɡ/ 美:/ˈmɑːnəlɔːɡ/
plot 英:/plɒt/ 美:/plɑːt/
drama 英:/ˈdrɑːmə/ 美:/ˈdrɑːmə/
dialogue 英:/‘daɪəlɒg/ 美:/‘daɪəlɑɡ/
tragic 英:/ˈtrædʒɪk/ 美:/ˈtrædʒɪk/
a tragic ending
backstage 英:/bæk’steɪdʒ/ 美:/ˌbæk’stedʒ/
theatre 英:/‘θiətə/ 美:/ˈθiətɚ/

语法

Verbs

听力

SEGARRA: Hey, everybody. It’s Marielle. We’re going to start today’s episode at the top of a hill with Emma Tempest. Back when she was a teacher, she would take her class of 4- and 5-year-olds to the park for an end-of-year celebration.

EMMA TEMPEST: And it was at the top of this enormous hill. And every year, we’d have a rolling down the hill competition. And all the adults would join in because you just had - you had that permission to have fun.

SEGARRA: The other part of that celebration was a trip to a mini zoo.

TEMPEST: You’d hear the children saying things like, oh, I wonder what that fish is thinking? And you’d be like, what? I’ve never thought about that before.

SEGARRA: That spirit of imagination and wonder - you can take that with you anywhere, and it costs nothing. Emma is now a positive psychology coach who helps people get unstuck through play. We did an episode last week about play - what it is, why it’s good for you and how to do more of it. And in the process of reporting that episode, we came up with a whole bunch of ideas for how to play for cheap ‘cause you don’t have to spend a lot of money to have fun.

TEMPEST: Don’t let money or time be the thing that decides whether or not you will have fun. You can have fun almost in spite of those things if you really put your mind to it.

SEGARRA: On this episode of LIFE KIT, we’re going to share those ideas for how to have fun on a budget. Think of these as offerings. Try them out. See what you like and see if they spark any ideas of your own.

SEGARRA: All right. We’re breaking this episode up into categories. And since this story started at a park, we’ll begin with the outdoors. If you want to have cheap fun outside, public parks and beaches are your best friend. You can go there and fly a kite or ride a bike, have a picnic. LIFE KIT producer Margaret Cirino does that a lot in New York.

MARGARET CIRINO, BYLINE: I’ll get all my friends and pack up my little hammock and pack up some snacks, like strawberries and fresh fruits and crackers(饼干). And we’ll all, like, lay out our blankets together and make, like, one giant seating area and then just be there for literally hours. And just, like, we’ll snack, and we’ll be hammocking, and we’ll be talking. And some of us will be crafting, and we all have our little books. And it’s all just, like, very cute and wholesome.

SEGARRA: Or you could get a bunch of friends together for a field day. I’m talking about a three-legged race, egg on a spoon, water balloon toss. Use your imagination, which also comes in handy if you want to do some kind of park cleanup. Picking up trash or fallen tree branches - it’s easy to make that a game. Coat hangers can double as（兼具两种不同的功能） pirate swords, and plastic bags can be bandanas. Or you could get to know the creatures and plants that live in the park.

CIRINO: So there’s, like, a lot of free apps out there that, like, that allow you to, like, unlock these sciencey hobbies where you’re just going on a walk, but you’re, like, looking for this specific kind of bug or this bird. And then you can log it into these apps. It’s almost like a game, but it’s helping them collect, like, citizen science, like, data while you’re doing it.

SEGARRA: By the way, LIFE KIT has an episode on birding and another on how to be a community scientist. Another tip - a lot of parks will have outdoor workout equipment that you can use for body weight exercises. Also, a lot of parks offer free programming, jazz music, salsa lessons, bingo. If you go to the website of your local park or parks department, they may have an events calendar.

OK. Moving beyond parks, another outdoors idea which is perfect for exploring a neighborhood or a city is something called a penny date(硬币约会).

NICOLE DOW: A penny date really kind of gets you out to explore things without an objective.

SEGARRA: This idea comes from Nicole Dow. She’s a freelance writer who wrote a piece about how to have cheap fun for a personal finance website called The Penny Hoarder. Here’s how penny date works. You take a penny or any other coin, really, and pick a direction for heads and tails.

DOW: Heads will be left. Tails will be right or vice versa（反过来）. And then you flip the coin, see what direction it takes you, and that’s where you go.

SEGARRA: And you stop when you see something interesting. Maybe you land in front of a building that has really cool architecture, and you do an online search about its history. Another idea from Nicole - go to the farmer’s market. Make a morning of it. You don’t have to buy anything.

DOW: A lot of times, farmer’s markets will offer not just vendors selling things, but they’ll have local people singing or playing an instrument. And that’s a great form of free entertainment. And there’s always free samples out from vendors.

SEGARRA: Oh, and how about a parade? Any of those going on in your city or town? Could be fun. Lots of merriment. OK. Our next category is arts and crafts. If your idea of play is being creative and making things, the classic move is to get a coloring book and crayons or a paint-by-numbers set, or you could get a little more elaborate. Our producer Margaret likes to host art nights with friends at her apartment. She’ll get some cheap, colorful clay at the craft store, and they’ll make mini sculptures or jewelry while watching a movie.